Bakelite

Properties and Characteristics

Bakelite is a rigid material that does not soften or deform under heat once cured, distinguishing it from thermoplastics. Its properties vary based on the type of filler material used (e.g., paper or cotton fabric). 

Property                                                                                                                                              Description

Electrical Insulation                                               Excellent non-conductivity makes it ideal for use in electrical components, preventing current leakage and electric shock.

Heat Resistance                                            Withstands continuous operating temperatures of around 120-130°C (up to 150-180°C for short periods), charring rather than melting                                                                                                                                                                   under extreme heat.

Mechanical Strength                                       Offers high compressive and tensile strength, especially fabric-reinforced grades, allowing it to bear significant mechanical stress.

Chemical Resistance                                Resistant to a variety of chemical substances, including most acids, alkalis, oils, and solvents, making it suitable for harsh environments.

Dimensional Stability                                       Retains its shape and dimensions under mechanical stress and temperature variations, crucial for precision parts.

Machinability                                      Can be easily machined, drilled, milled, and shaped into custom components, though the process generates dust requiring protective measures.

Moisture Resistance                                        Exhibits low moisture absorption, which helps maintain its properties in humid conditions, especially pure molded Bakelite.

Common Applications

Bakelite rods and sheets are widely used across various industries due to their versatile properties. 

• Electrical Industry: Used extensively for switchgear components, terminal boards, circuit breakers, transformer insulation, and other insulating parts where safety and reliability are critical.

• Mechanical Engineering: Machined into components such as gears, bearings, bushings, pulleys, and spacers, often used in applications requiring wear resistance and quiet operation.

• Automotive and Aerospace: Utilized for distributor caps, brake pads, clutch plates, and insulating structural parts, benefiting from heat resistance and durability.

• Chemical Industry: Employed in corrosive environments for parts like stirring shafts, valve stems, pipes, and tank linings due to strong chemical resistance.

• General/Consumer Goods: Historically used for items like radio and telephone casings, kitchenware handles, and jewelry; the material's durability and smooth finish are still valued in certain modern applications like laboratory benchtops and industrial jigs.